Now, Raimunda not only similarly fails to protect her own teenage daughter Paula – who kills stepfather Paco when he attempts rape – but monopolises the fallout, disempowering and infantilising her too.
So, having disavowed her husband’s sexual abuse of Raimunda, Irene was promptly banished from her life. Overweening efforts to care for others shade into domination: producing smothering instead of nurturance loneliness along with cohesion loss overshadowing love and, most tellingly, denial and duplicity reverberating among mothers, daughters, sisters, neighbours and friends. However, Volver transcends the soapy limits of Hollywood melodrama and neo-realism’s tragic heroines and earth mothers, with its exaggerated sentimentality concealing deep ambivalence rippling throughout the social fabric.
The village folklore, which comfortingly rationalised suffering and hardship while sanctioning existing power, is now replaced by injunctions to hysterical narcissism on daytime and reality TV amid the inherently chaotic economics and social pathologies of the city – provoking a ‘return of the repressed’ where feminine frustration and lack of fulfilment feed generational tangles of trauma, resentment and reconciliation and reaffirming and reinforcing the writer-director’s affectionate respect for women. In both settings the tasks of facilitating social reproduction and ameliorating the damage wrought by the patriarchs fall on women. Whereas his previous film ( Bad Education, 2004) detailed the tortuous effects on the lives of boyhood friends of the abuse and oppression perpetrated by the Catholic church, this time the ‘revenge’ against the dark days of fascist dictatorship continues more obliquely – showing cultural patterns from traditional peasant communities in La Mancha transformed into the contemporary urban lower class. So, variously seen as enjoyably trivial, crowd-pleasing but conservative, or lazy postmodern whimsy, his sixteenth feature Volver (Spanish for ‘return’) stars Penelope Cruz (fresh from Hollywood flops) as Raimunda, a glamorous Madrid cleaner, with Carmen Maura (the director’s muse in the 1980s) her estranged mother Irene, in a comic tale of family dysfunction, motherly love, old age and death. Consistently flouting all social, artistic, moral and political conventions (of Left and Right), and despite leading calls for withdrawal from the Iraq war, he is usually touted as apolitical, preoccupied with fashion and celebrity his films dismissed as superficial. From a recurrent motif of the performative nature of identity – where destructive impulses mingle with liberatory expressive yearnings in the pursuit of happiness – he has developed a unique cinematic language of character and motivation, recalling Hitchcock and Bunuel but favouring decidedly downmarket narratives. Pedro Almodóvar’s early trash aesthetic exemplified the exuberant post-Franco cultural renaissance in Spain, juggling marginal sexualities, misfits and fuck-ups to subvert bourgeois morality like an Iberian Warhol or John Waters. The women's traumas draw them together even as they create rifts.Review of Almodovar’s latest cinematic delirium
At ease with one another, they understand limits and pleasure, and how to make the most of both. Irene's reappearance illustrates the extent of the women's community. Sole's belief in the ghost makes it acceptable for the rest of us. The ghost turns out to be Irene, returned to make peace with Raimunda. When Agustina tells a story about a spirit who visits her the night Paula dies, the women believe her without question. At the same time, more funerals loom, first when Irene's aged sister Paula (Chus Lampreave) passes on, and again when longtime family friend, Agustina (Blanca Portillo), is hospitalized with cancer. Her efforts to dispose of the body form a darkly comic, antic little subplot, à la Hitchcock. Paco soon suffers a bloody end for his abuses, and Raimundo explains his sudden absence as the result of an argument.
The separated Sole is still inclined to romance, while Raimunda - married to the slovenly, lascivious Paco (Antonio de la Torre) - is not. Raimunda ( Penélope Cruz) and her sister, Sole (Lola Dueñas), mourn their mother, Irene (Carmen Maura), who died years ago in a house fire.